Darwin Core Terms

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Darwin Core Archive Format


The Core Taxon File


Repository URL: http://rs.gbif.org/core/dwc_taxon.xml


Field Description
taxonID A ‘taxonID’ value may be any string, it is not required to be numeric.

An accepted name should have a unique ‘taxonID’ value. A synonym (or similar name linked to a taxon) should ideally have an identifier in the ‘taxonID’ field.

Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID

Data Type: string

acceptedNameUsageID The field ‘acceptedNameUsageID’ should be used to link a synonym record to its corresponding accepted name (which will have a matching ‘taxonID’ value).

An accepted name should have an empty ‘acceptedNameUsageID’ field.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID

Data Type: string

parentNameUsageID The field ‘parentNameUsageID’ of the accepted name record for a taxon is used to refer to the ‘taxonID’ value of the parent taxon at the next higher taxonomic rank included in the checklist.

If there is no parent included in the checklist, because the “top of the tree” has been reached, then this field should be empty to indicate this.

Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsageID

Data Type: string

scientificName The scientific name of taxon with or without authorship information

depending on the format of the source database.


Examples: "Coleoptera" , "Vespertilionidae”, "Manis" , "Ctenomys

sociabilis", "Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli", "Quercus agrifolia var.

oxyadenia (Torr.)"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName

Data Type: string

scientificNameAuthorship If the authority is known and can be separated from the rest of the scientific name, the authority string should also be placed in the ‘scientificNameAuthorship’ field.

If authorship is included in the scientificName field, this field is

optional.


Example: "(Torr.) J.T. Howell", "(Martinovsk ) Tzvelev", "(Linnaeus

1768)"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship

Data Type: string

nameAccordingTo A citation representing the concept or sense in which the name is used.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo

Data Type: string

kingdom The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Animalia", "Plantae"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom

Data Type: string

phylum The full scientific name of the phylum in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Chordata" (phylum), "Bryophyta" (division)


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum

Data Type: string

class The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Mammalia", "Hepaticopsida"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class

Data Type: string

order The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Carnivora", "Monocleales"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order

Data Type: string

family The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Felidae", "Monocleaceae"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family

Data Type: string

genus The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Puma", "Monoclea"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus

Data Type: string

subgenus The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values should include the genus to avoid homonym

confusion.

Example: Puma (Puma); Loligo (Amerigo); Hieracium subgen. Pilosella


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus

Data Type: string

specificEpithet 2nd word in a scientific name (species), es. Acer saccharum, saccharum is the specificEpithet.

Example:

scientificName: Carex viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha var. elatior (Schltdl.) Crins

specificEpithet: viridula


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet

Data Type: string

infraspecificEpithet Terminal word in a scientific name.

Example:

scientificName: Carex viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha var. elatior (Schltdl.) Crins

infraspecificEpithet: elatior


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet

Data Type: string

verbatimTaxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.

Example:

scientificName: Carex viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha var. elatior (Schltdl.) Crins

erbatimTaxonRank: var.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimTaxonRank

Data Type: string

taxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/rank.xml.

Examples: "subspecies", "varietas", "forma", "species", "genus".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank

Data Type: string

taxonomicStatus The status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon. Controlled vocabulary:

"accepted", "invalid", "misapplied", "provisional", “synonym”, “valid”

“unknown” has also been suggested, but often an empty value is expected to indicate an unknown value.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonomicStatus

Data Type: string

modified The most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.

It is recommended this format: “YYYY-MM-DD”.


Qualified Name: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

Data Type: date

bibliographicCitation Citation information specified by the data publisher.


Qualified Name: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

Data Type: string

taxonRemarks Comments or notes about the taxon or name.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks

Data Type: string

scientificNameID Exclusively used to reference an external and resolvable identifier that returns nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a name. Use

taxonID to refer to taxa. Use to explicitly refer to an external

nomenclatural record.

Example: “urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37829-1:1.3”


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID

Data Type: string

Vernacular Names Extension


This extension provides the means to share information related to common (vernacular) names linked to taxa in the core data file. Multiple vernacular names can be linked to the same taxon via the taxonID.


Repository: http://rs.gbif.org/extension/gbif/1.0/vernacular.xml


Field Description
taxonID The first field in the data file should be the taxonID representing the

taxon in the core data file to which this vernacular name points. This

identifier provides the link between the core data record and the

extension record.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID

Data Type: string

vernacularName A common or vernacular name.

Example: Andean Condor", "Condor Andino", "American Eagle",

"Gönsegeier"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName

Data Type: string

language ISO 639-1 language code used for the vernacular name value.

Example: “ES”, “Spanish”, “Español”


Qualified Name: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

Data Type: string

locality The specific description of the area from which the vernacular name

usage originates. Vernacular names may have very specific regional

contexts. A name used for a species in one area may refer to a

different species in another.

Example: "Southeastern coastal New England from Buzzards Bay

through Rhode Island"


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality

Data Type: string

Simple Darwin Core


The following schema specifies the field contained in a Simple Darwin Core file.

Field Description
language The language of the parent resource. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as ISO 693

Example: "eng"


Qualified Name: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

Data Type: string

modified The most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.

Recommended format: "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss"


Qualified Name: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

Data Type: string

basisOfRecord The specific nature of the data record - a subtype of the dcterms:type. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Darwin Core Type Vocabulary (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/type-vocabulary/index.htm).

Examples: "PreservedSpecimen", "FossilSpecimen", "LivingSpecimen", "HumanObservation", "MachineObservation".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord

Data Type: string

institutionCode The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.

Examples: "MVZ", "FMNH", "AKN-CLO", "University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode

Data Type: string

collectionCode The name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying the collection or data set from which the record was derived.

Examples: "Mammals", "Hildebrandt", "eBird".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode

Data Type: string

catalogNumber An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection.

Examples: "2008.1334", "145732a", "145732".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber

Data Type: string

recordedBy A list of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence.

Example: "Oliver P. Pearson; Anita K. Pearson".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy

Data Type: string

scientificName The scientific name of taxon with or without authorship information

depending on the format of the source database.

Examples: "Coleoptera", "Vespertilionidae".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName

Data Type: string

kingdom The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Animalia", "Plantae".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom

Data Type: string

family The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.

Example: "Felidae", "Monocleaceae".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family

Data Type: string

locality The specific description of the place.

Example: "Bariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality

Data Type: string

eventDate The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded.

Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate

Data Type: date

year The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.

Example: "2008".


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year

Data Type: date

decimalLatitude The geographic latitude.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude

Data Type: float

decimalLongitude The geographic longitude.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude

Data Type: float

coordinateUncertaintyInMeters As close an approximation to the standard deviation of the coordinates expressed in meters.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters

Data Type: float

maximumDepthInMeters The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters

Data Type: float

minimumDepthInMeters The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.


Qualified Name: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters

Data Type: float

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